I am having the same problem, for reference, here is the backtrace (not enough space for all of it):

5 0x00007ffff6d9c1ce in cv::ChamferMatcher::Template::~Template() () from /usr/local/lib/libopencv_contrib.so.2.4

6 0x00007ffff6da4400 in cv::chamerMatching(cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&, std::vector<std::vector<cv::point_<int>, std::allocator<cv::point_<int> > >, std::allocator<std::vector<cv::point_<int>, std::allocator<cv::point_<int> > > > >&, std::vector<float, std::allocator<float=""> >&, double, int, double, int, int, int, double, double, double, double) () from /usr/local/lib/libopencv_contrib.so.2.4

7 0x0000000000404987 in main (argc=3, argv=0x7fffffffde88) at ...chamfer.cpp:55

offending line: int best = chamerMatching( img, tpl, results, costs );