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A very basic question about image data

Complete newbie in Image processing:

Normally the cameras saves the pictures in a specific format like jpeg or png. Videos are also encoded in formats like dvi, mpeg etc and saved onto the SD card.

My question is that how are these images laid out? There has to be some kind of a layout plan so that the digital sensor values are displayed in a particular layout. So along with the intensity information, the correpsonding pixel location should also be stored as well. For example row = 10, column = 20 contains digital intensity values RGB = 0xABCDEF.

Lets say, the format is not png or jpeg, but RAW. How will the data look like then? Would you get any detailed information?

Is there anything lower than the RAW data, that can be delivered by the cameras. As far as I have read, even the RAW formatted data is filtered and is not the exact snapshot of what a real hardware sensor sees.

When the opencv function ( VideoCapture() ) procures a frame of a video ( for example a running web cam ), then is it the same as the RAW format image captured from any of the digital cameras or is it already filtered? Well basically, this question regarding the webcam depends on my understanding of previous questions. Hence as of now, I will put it on hold.