printed circuit board component image recognition

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You will have to use classification approach towards the object detection in PCB.Either you can use Haar Cascade but i believe here is gonna be too much false positive in haar cascade detection. Another option is you will have to use some image processing techniques(do a little literature survey) and after use some state of the art classifiers like random forest or svm or any other.In my opinion template matching might not be very robust. :)

Alright, there are several options. The usual ones are creating a Cascade Classifier or a Bag Of Words categorizer. There are good tutorials on each of these available.

I would also suggest, since it's quick to test, segmenting the component then using huMoments to compare to your dictionary.