Bird Species Recognition - which algorithm? sample code?

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Your application is quite specific, I would first code a prototype using Matlab or Python, in order to define an algorithm, and only after that, I would develop the algorithm to work with the Raspberry Pi.

As first draft, I would propose the following steps:

• Database population (using pictures to which you manually associate name of the bird and so on). It could also integrate specific parts of the birds.
• Image alignment (the camera is static, but the bird could be in different position)
• Features definition (shape, colors, tail, beak, etc...)
• Feature collection (one vector for each type of features for example)
• Weight association (some features are more significant than others)
• Definition of a function that estimates the similarity between the features just extracted and the ones in the DB (example: using cosine similarity function)
• Classifier function (which decides the type of bird based on the distances calculated in the previous step)

I would think of a kind of classifier based on features, you can classify each frame or each Xth frame for saying what kind of bird it is... You should need some databases of different birds... and also with something else. If it is a static camera, it is simpler, start classifying object (frame region) based on background subtraction. You can also do some kind of statistics based on previous classification for enforcing the "Species Recognition".