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have a look at this (from https://github.com/jsxyhelu/GOCvHelper/blob/master/GOCVHelper.cpp)

void projection2(Mat src,vector<int>& vup,vector<int>& vdown,int direction,int gap){
        Mat tmp = src.clone();
        vector<int> vdate;
        if (DIRECTION_X == direction){
            for (int i=0;i<tmp.cols;i++){
                Mat data = tmp.col(i);
                int itmp = countNonZero(data);
                vdate.push_back(itmp);
            }
        }else{
            for (int i=0;i<tmp.rows;i++){
                Mat data = tmp.row(i);
                int itmp = countNonZero(data);
                vdate.push_back(itmp);
            }
        }
        //avoid gap
        if (vdate.size()<=gap)
            return;
        for (int i=0;i<vdate.size()-gap;i++){
            if (vdate[i]>0 && vdate[i+gap]>0){
                for (int j=i;j<i+gap;j++){
                    vdate[j] = 1;
                }
                i = i+gap-1;
            }
        }
        //up and down
        for (int i=1;i<vdate.size();i++){
            if (vdate[i-1] == 0 && vdate[i]>0)
                vup.push_back(i);
            if (vdate[i-1]>0 && vdate[i] == 0)
                vdown.push_back(i);
        }
}

and i do this to get the vector<int>

……
 threshold(matSplit[1],ostu,100,255,THRESH_OTSU);
 dstclone = ostu.clone();
 // get the vector<int>
 for (int i=0;i<ostu.cols;i++)
    {
        Mat data = ostu.col(i);
        int itmp = countNonZero(data);
        vectorV.push_back(itmp);
    }