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your vector<vector<float>> is the culprit, opencv's machine learning expects a single Mat with continuous data.

you will need to copy it into a Mat, each vector goes on a single row, maybe like this:

vector<vector<float>> vf {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}; // demo data

Mat data;
for ( auto v : vf ) {
    Mat row = Mat(v, true).reshape(1,1); // deep copy, reshape to row
    data.push_back(row);
}

cerr << data << endl;

[1, 2, 3;
 4, 5, 6;
 7, 8, 9]