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How's cv::DescriptorMatcher::match working in detail?

I'm looking at some quite confused (at least for me) openCV code and questioning myself how it's working.

The question starts here.

The link shows the implementation of

BOWImgDescriptorExtractor::compute

which uses the function

DescriptorMatcher::match

at line 181.

The calculation time is quite fast and I'm asking myself how openCV archives that? How does function match links the nearest cluster to a given descriptor? In detail, how is std::vector< DMatch > matches getting filled so fast?