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my code: import org.opencv.core.*; import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs; import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc; import org.opencv.ml.Ml; import org.opencv.ml.SVM; import org.opencv.ml.TrainData;

import java.io.File; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;

import static org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc.cvtColor; import static org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc.threshold;

public class SvmTrain { public static final String SVM_MODEL_FILE_PATH = "resources/b_process/svm/model/svm.xml";

public static final String SVM_ROOT = "resources/b_process/svm/";


public static final String SVM_HAS_TEST = "has/test";
public static final String SVM_HAS_TRAIN = "has/train";

public static final String SVM_NO_TEST = "no/test";
public static final String SVM_NO_TRAIN = "no/train";


public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);
    SvmTrain vl = new SvmTrain();
    vl.train();

}


void train(){
    //初始化SVM
    SVM svm = SVM.create();
    svm.setType(SVM.C_SVC);
    svm.setKernel(SVM.RBF);
    svm.setDegree(0.1);
    // 1.4 bug fix: old 1.4 ver gamma is 1
    svm.setGamma(0.1);
    svm.setCoef0(0.1);
    svm.setC(1);
    svm.setNu(0.1);
    svm.setP(0.1);
    svm.setTermCriteria(new TermCriteria(1, 20000, 0.0001));

    //load data
    TrainData trainData = loadTrainData();

    //train
    long star = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("start train...");
    svm.train(trainData);
    System.out.println("end train...total time ： " +(System.currentTimeMillis()-star) + "ms");


    svm.save(SVM_MODEL_FILE_PATH);
    System.out.println("save the train model...");

}

/**
 * @return
 */
TrainData loadTrainData() {

    List<File> hasFileList = getFiles(SVM_ROOT+SVM_HAS_TRAIN);
    List<File> noFileList = getFiles(SVM_ROOT+SVM_NO_TRAIN);
    int hasCount = hasFileList.size();
    int noCount = noFileList.size();

    Mat samples = new Mat();
    Mat labels = new Mat();


    for (int i = 0; i < hasCount; i++) {//positive
        Mat img = getMat(hasFileList.get(i).getAbsolutePath());
        samples.push_back( img.reshape( 1, 1 ) );
        labels.push_back( Mat.ones( new Size( 1, 1 ), CvType.CV_32FC1 ) );
    }

    for (int  j= 0; j < noCount; j++) {//negative
        Mat img = getMat( hasFileList.get(j).getAbsolutePath());
        samples.push_back( img.reshape( 1, 1 ) );
        labels.push_back( Mat.zeros( new Size( 1, 1 ), CvType.CV_32FC1 ) );
    }

    Mat trainingData = new Mat();
    Mat classes = new Mat();

    samples.copyTo(trainingData);
    trainingData.convertTo( trainingData, CvType.CV_32FC1 );
    labels.copyTo(classes);
   return  TrainData.create(trainingData , Ml.ROW_SAMPLE,classes);
}


public Mat getMat( String path ) {
    Mat img = new Mat();
    Mat con = Imgcodecs.imread( path, Imgcodecs.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE );
    con.convertTo( img, CvType.CV_32FC1, 1.0 / 255.0 );
    return img;
}

public Mat getHistogramFeatures(Mat image) {
    Mat grayImage = new Mat();
    cvtColor(image, grayImage, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2GRAY);

    Mat img_threshold = new Mat();
    threshold(grayImage, img_threshold, 0, 255, Imgproc.THRESH_OTSU + Imgproc.THRESH_BINARY);
    return img_threshold;
}

/**
 * @param floderPath
 * @return
 */
public List<File> getFiles(String floderPath){
    List<File> list = new ArrayList<File>();

    File file = new File(floderPath);

    if (!file.exists()) {
        System.out.println("Error : " + floderPath + " folder is not exist!");
        return list;
    }

    if (!file.isDirectory()) {
        System.out.println("Error : " + floderPath + "  is not a folder!");
        return list;
    }


    File[] files = file.listFiles();
    if (files.length == 0) {
        System.out.println("Error : " + floderPath + "  folder is empty!");
        return list;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
        File f = files[i];
        list.add(f);
    }
    return list;
}

}

run the code ,exception :

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Exception: unknown exception at org.opencv.ml.StatModel.train_2(Native Method) at org.opencv.ml.StatModel.train(StatModel.java:97) at SvmTrain.train(SvmTrain.java:56) at SvmTrain.main(SvmTrain.java:31) Process finished with exit code 1

but , if i create TrainData use return Ml.COL_SAMPLE , exception

OpenCV Error: Assertion failed ((layout == ROW_SAMPLE && responses.rows == nsamples) || (layout == COL_SAMPLE && responses.cols == nsamples)) in cv::ml::TrainDataImpl::setData, file C:\build\master_winpack-bindings-win64-vc14-static\opencv\modules\ml\src\data.cpp, line 298 Exception in thread "main" CvException [org.opencv.core.CvException: cv::Exception: C:\build\master_winpack-bindings-win64-vc14-static\opencv\modules\ml\src\data.cpp:298: error: (-215) (layout == ROW_SAMPLE && responses.rows == nsamples) || (layout == COL_SAMPLE && responses.cols == nsamples) in function cv::ml::TrainDataImpl::setData ] at org.opencv.ml.TrainData.create_1(Native Method) at org.opencv.ml.TrainData.create(TrainData.java:365) at SvmTrain.loadTrainData(SvmTrain.java:98) at SvmTrain.train(SvmTrain.java:51) at SvmTrain.main(SvmTrain.java:31)

my test images have the same size as the train images .