How to use setTo() in JAVA

edit

some misassumptions here:

• grayscale / binary images are NOT in [0..1] range, but [0..255], thus, e.g. Core.randu(blocks,0,1); will be all 0 !
• java does not have overloaded > or < operators, you'll have to use: Mat mask=new Mat(); Core.compare(blocks, newScalar(0.3 * 255.0), mask, Core.CMP_LT);
• your setTo() calls don't make any sense, as long as you are re-using the same blocks Mat for exclusive (contradicting) operations.

in the end, i think, you wanted this:

Mat gray = new Mat();
Utils.bitmapToMat(grayBitmap,gray);
Mat blocks = new  Mat(gray.size(),gray.type());
// right border is exclusive !
Core.randu(blocks,0,256); 
// lower part to 0, upper to 255
Imgproc.threshold(blocks, blocks, 255 * 0.3, 255, Imgproc.THRESH_BINARY);