Does the curved checkerboard pattern affects the stereo calibration?

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Yes (and distorsion and matrix calibration are wrong) if you use opencv function :

see Zhengyou Zhang. A flexible new technique for camera calibration. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, 22(11):1330–1334, 2000. Abstract ->

We propose a flexible new technique to easily calibrate a camera. It is well suited for use without specialized knowledge of 3D geometry or computer vision. The technique only requires the camera to observe a planar pattern shown at a few (at least two) different orientations.