Callibrating a bunch of cameras - Can I use a linear rail robot?

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Yes, I believe it should work. I haven't tried it, but you will get your points radially expanding outward from the center and cover most of the parts of the camera FPA. That should work.

You do need to be careful that you can either see the whole target board at the same time, or that you adjust the number of rows and columns to match what the camera is seeing or you won't be able to detect the corners properly.

Use the drawChessboardCorners like in the tutorial to make sure it looks right.

In my opinion, using a robot to calibrate is a good approach as you should get:

• repeatable and consistent results,
• accurate calibration once you find a good predefined set of poses.

As you should be able to generate only a translational motion along the rail, you will have in my opinion to generate multiple translation / orientations (rotations) for the pattern. Or move the rail in translation and in rotation. The ideal case I think would be to cover the space in an hemisphere above the calibration pattern.

The best would be to use a 6 dof robot to move the calibration pattern like in this video.

Almost the same topic: Industrial Calibration Library Update and Presentation.