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OK, I thought about it and found the culprit:

I am using a Windows Environment Variable, namely %OPENCV_DIR% , in my linkers/include pathway in Visual Studio. It appears that while this "syntax" (%VAR_NAME%) is correct in Windows itself, Visual Studio 2012 requires one of the following syntax (complete explanation of the syntax on http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/669zx6zc.aspx)

Global macros Applies to all items in a project configuration. Has the syntax $(name).

$(OPENCV_DIR)\folder1\file1.hpp

Item macros Has the syntax %(name). For a file, an item macro applies only to that file.

%(OPENCV_DIR)\folder1\file1.hpp

So, Visual Studio could not find the include header because to him, %OPENCV_DIR%\folder1\file1.hpp was simply a regular pathway.