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I think it impossible using + operator. You can:

• Use convert to float

 
    const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
    const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
    Mat E(A.size(), A.type());
    B.convertTo(E, CV_32FC1);
    Mat C( A.size(), A.type() );
    C = E+A;

• Per-element sum

  const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
  const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
  Mat C(A.size(), A.type());
  for (int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
  {
  for (int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
  {
      C.at<float>(i,j) = A.at<float>(i,j)+B.at<uchar>(i,j);
  }
  }
  

  or

  
  const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
  const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
  Mat C(A.size(), A.type());
  for (int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
  {
  const float* A_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float*="">(A.ptr(i));
  const uchar* B_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uchar*="">(B.ptr(i));
  float* C_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float*>(C.ptr(i));
  for (int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
  {
      C_ptr[j] = A_ptr[j]+B_ptr[j];
  }
  }
  

I think it impossible using + operator. You can:

• Use convert to float

 
    const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
    const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
    Mat E(A.size(), A.type());
    B.convertTo(E, CV_32FC1);
    Mat C( A.size(), A.type() );
    C = E+A;

• Per-element sum

  const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
  const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
  Mat C(A.size(), A.type());
  for (int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
  {
  for (int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
  {
      C.at<float>(i,j) = A.at<float>(i,j)+B.at<uchar>(i,j);
  }
  }
  

  or

  
  const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
  const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
  Mat C(A.size(), A.type());
  for (int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
  {
  const float* A_ptr Aptr = reinterpret_cast<const float*="">(A.ptr(i));
  const uchar* B_ptr Bptr = reinterpret_cast<const uchar*="">(B.ptr(i));
  float* C_ptr Cptr = reinterpret_cast<float*>(C.ptr(i));
  for (int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
  {
      C_ptr[j] = A_ptr[j]+B_ptr[j];
  Cptr[j] = Aptr[j]+Bptr[j];
  }
  }
  

I think it impossible using + operator. You can:

• Use convert to float

  const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
 const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
 Mat E(A.size(), A.type());
 B.convertTo(E, CV_32FC1);
 Mat C( A.size(), A.type() );
 C = E+A;

• Per-element sum sum

 const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
Mat C(A.size(), A.type());
for (int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
{
 for (int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
{
    {
        C.at<float>(i,j) = A.at<float>(i,j)+B.at<uchar>(i,j);
 }
}

const Mat A( 10, 20, CV_32FC1, Scalar::all(CV_PI) );
const Mat B( A.size(), CV_8UC1, Scalar::all(10) );
Mat C(A.size(), A.type());
for (int i = 0; i < A.rows; i++)
{
 const float* Aptr = reinterpret_cast<const float*="">(A.ptr(i));
reinterpret_cast< const float*>(A.ptr(i));
    const uchar* Bptr = reinterpret_cast<const uchar*="">(B.ptr(i));
reinterpret_cast< const uchar*>(B.ptr(i));
    float* Cptr = reinterpret_cast<float*>(C.ptr(i));
reinterpret_cast< float*>(C.ptr(i));
    for (int j = 0; j < A.cols; j++)
{
    {
        Cptr[j] = Aptr[j]+Bptr[j];
 }
}