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Considering the question regarding identification of the ball, have you thought of edge detection as a possible way of detecting the ball?

Also, as your background is completely white, why not go for contour detection? It might pose a problem because you are using a basketball and it has dots on the surface for gripping the ball, but I think you can decide the size of the contours too, in that case you can use Contour detection as another method for detecting the ball. (Not too sure about this)

And Lastly, color detection, since your ball is orange and the color is not similar to any other color in the image you can use color detection, and once you have detected/identified the color you can apply edge detection for better detection of the ball. I came up with these three methods. Please not that the methods are computationally expensive.

Hope this helps :)