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you can store is as .png:

Mat u16 = ...
imwrite("some.png", u16);

and later read back:

Mat u16 = imread("some.png", IMREAD_ANYDEPTH);

you can store is as .png: (which supports 16bit images):

Mat u16 = ...
imwrite("some.png", u16);

and later read back:

Mat u16 = imread("some.png", IMREAD_ANYDEPTH);