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you can resize() your Mat, using the INTER_NEAREST flag:

Mat_<uchar> m(1,10);
m << 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9;

resize(m,m,Size(m.cols/2, m.rows), 0, 0, INTER_NEAREST);

cout << m;

[  0,   2,   4,   6,   8]