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I recently answered a question that dove in deep to inRange() on Stack Overflow. It goes into what the HSV colorspace is, how to think about the values, and how to create your own inRange() function.

For finding your own values to work on an image, it's probably best practice to create a program which shows trackbars for the min and max values of each color channel and adjust them yourself till you get the hang of it. Or just pop an image in the program whenever you need to. I created a python program that does this; you can grab it from GitHub if you want.

This is what it looks like in use: