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looking at the docs for imread, it seems, that raw files are not supported.

you'll have to load the pixels manually, and then build a Mat from that:

#include <stdio.h>
char * imgpath = "1.IMG";
FILE * f = fopen(imgpath,"rb");
if ( ! f )
{
    printf("bad path : %s\n",imgpath);
    return -1;
}
char pixels[256*256];
fread(pixels,256*256,1,f);
fclose(f);

Mat img(256,256,CV_U8C1,pixels);

if there's any chance, that your original pixel ptr will go out of scope, you'll have to additionally clone the Mat, to have its own copy of the pixels:

Mat img = Mat(256,256,CV_U8C1,pixels).clone();