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It is clear that one of the following things is the reason for your error

• Not set your OS path variable correctly to point to the openCV library folder.
• Not set the correct libraries in linker options.
• Used the wrong libraries compared to the OS type --> x32 or x64 bit. Also be sure to set right build destination system.

To answer your question. A main difference between windows and linux, is the way they store libraries. Windows uses dll's, where linux uses obj files. So your code can be reused on both systems, as long as you do not use OS specific commands, BUT you have to build it on each system seperately.

For example, an exe file built on windows, will not run in linux.