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You mention two different problems:

1. Reliably find distinctive points on an object.
2. Describe the object or the neighborhood around these points by discriminative description.

One approach to tackle the first problem (suited for local features) is to attach custom markers to the object that yield the maximum response of the corresponding feature detector. See the following publication for a solution: F. Schweiger, B. Zeisl, P. Georgel, G. Schroth, E. Steinbach, N. Navab, Maximum Detector Response Markers for SIFT and SURF, Vision, Modeling and Visualization Workshop (VMV), Braunschweig, November 2009.

The latter problem is more fuzzy but the authors of above publication also provide a way to encode a signature in related manner.

You mention two different problems:

1. Reliably find distinctive points on an object.
2. Describe the object or the neighborhood around these points by discriminative description.

One approach to tackle the first problem (suited (in your context) that is suited for local features) features is to attach custom markers to the object that yield the maximum response of the corresponding feature detector. See the following publication for a solution: F. Schweiger, B. Zeisl, P. Georgel, G. Schroth, E. Steinbach, N. Navab, Maximum Detector Response Markers for SIFT and SURF, Vision, Modeling and Visualization Workshop (VMV), Braunschweig, November 2009.

The latter problem is more fuzzy but the authors of above publication also provide a way to encode a signature in related manner.